{"id":34908,"date":"2026-11-09T00:59:24","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T00:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/?p=34908"},"modified":"2026-11-09T07:08:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T07:08:42","slug":"renolith-roads-triple-the-life-at-half-the-cost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/renolith-roads-triple-the-life-at-half-the-cost\/","title":{"rendered":"Renolith Roads &#8211; Triple the Life at Half the Cost"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34908\" class=\"elementor elementor-34908\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b3442ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"b3442ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f446bd6\" data-id=\"1f446bd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10a92861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"10a92861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-text_center   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads%20\" target=\"_blank\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Triple the Life at Half the Cost<\/h1><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67388428 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-breadcrumb\" data-id=\"67388428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><ol class=\"ekit-breadcrumb\"><li class=\"ekit_breadcrumbs_start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\">Home<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-657e72c0 elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"657e72c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-d0daba3 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/2026\/11\/09\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 9, 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287b93c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"287b93c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c846aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c846aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-526a0b5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"526a0b5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Renolith promotional material claims \u201cTriple the life at half the cost\u201d, implying a six-fold improvement in the value-for-money of road assets. This article explains the basis for this bold claim via a worked example.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-790bb7ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"790bb7ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principles<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77243db0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77243db0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The cost reduction and life enhancement claims are underpinned by two key principles:<\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Cementitious stabilisation is a low-cost construction\/rehabilitation method, but introduces challenges with fatigue cracking and shrinkage cracking.<\/li><li>Renolith admixture mitigates the cracking risks, enabling a high modulus cemented base layer with no need for overlay.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae56318 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ae56318\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scenario<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-394fec40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"394fec40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The scenario is the renewal of a road that is in very poor structural condition, with ruts, cracks, and potholes. The road pavement is assumed to consist of a 250mm base (including subbase) layer of degraded local granular material with a non-structural spray seal. The subgrade CBR is 4%. This scenario mirrors the <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/pinnarendi-trials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New England Hwy Trial<\/a>.<\/p><p>The two rehabilitation options under consideration are:<\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li>Restore<ul><li>Reinstate the original design by replacing the failed base with new granular material<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Upcycle<ul><li>Upcycle the failed base to a nanoengineered material via stabilisation with cementitious binder and Renolith 2.0 admixture<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4007d069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4007d069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34923\" alt=\"Rehabilitation decision - choices\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices.png 1280w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-choices-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7985dae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7985dae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 1: Road renewal decision &#8211; Restore vs Upcycle<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2044514e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2044514e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The design options are assessed subject to the following assumptions and simplifications:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li>Non-structural spray seals will be reinstated<\/li><li>Surface levels do not change (e.g. align with extant kerb &amp; channel if relevant).<\/li><li>The base will be remediated to full depth of 250mm<\/li><li>The subgrade will not be remediated.<\/li><li>The design loading adopts a Standard Axle Design and the ratio of Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA) to Heavy Vehicle Axle Groups (HVAG) = 0.7.<\/li><li>Design life (measured in years) correlates with pavement fatigue life, measured in ESA<\/li><li>Cost and embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for each option are modelled using the <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Renolith-Triple-Bottom-Line-estimator-v1.1.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Triple Bottom Line Estimator<\/a> using data derived from <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-032-04774-8_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">White and Young (2025): Objective Comparison of the Economic and Environmental Costs of Different Rehabilitation Designs for Flexible Local Road Pavements<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557175be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"557175be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Road-pavement-structure-Unbound-granular-base-vs-nanoengineered-base.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34931\" alt=\"Road pavement structure - Unbound granular base vs nanoengineered base\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Road-pavement-structure-Unbound-granular-base-vs-nanoengineered-base.png 444w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Road-pavement-structure-Unbound-granular-base-vs-nanoengineered-base-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Road-pavement-structure-Unbound-granular-base-vs-nanoengineered-base-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2809d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c2809d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2: Road pavement structure &#8211; Unbound granular base vs nanoengineered base<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-799e0652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"799e0652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 1: Restore<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2063a70b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2063a70b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Option 1 reinstates the original design by replacing the failed 250mm base with new granular material. The cost will vary according to various project specific factors, such as disposal costs and quarry proximity. A typical cost for such a pavement is AUD $80-$100 per m<sup>2<\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p><p>The new granular material is assumed to be \u2018normal standard crushed rock\u2019, with presumptive values per <a href=\"https:\/\/austroads.gov.au\/publications\/pavement\/agpt02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Austroads AGPT02<\/a> section 6.2.3. The maximum vertical modulus is 350MPa per Austroads AGPT02 table 6.3.<\/p><p>Austroads Pavement Analysis Design Software <a href=\"http:\/\/austpads.austroads.com.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AustPADS<\/a> allows users to conduct advanced mechanistic analysis of the response-to-load of road pavements. The AustPADS sublayering function was used for calculating the moduli of sublayers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a881177 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3a881177\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/AustPads-output-250mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34930\" alt=\"AustPads output - 250mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/AustPads-output-250mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/AustPads-output-250mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/AustPads-output-250mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5711ad28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5711ad28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3: AustPads output &#8211; 250mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1652eb7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1652eb7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For option 1 (Restore), the pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 1.94e3 ESA. This is very low and not practical, even for a lightly trafficked road.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7be6b7f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7be6b7f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 1b: Double thickness<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-123ccb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"123ccb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To improve the fatigue life, option 1b doubles the unbound granular base layer thickness from 250mm to 500mm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63227408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"63227408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/500mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34933\" alt=\"500mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/500mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/500mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/500mm-unbound-granular-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af4ae07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1af4ae07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 4: 500mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c7f27bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c7f27bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For option 1b (Double thickness), the pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 3.12e6 ESA. This is a more practical value for a local road with medium traffic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-412c54ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"412c54ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 2: Upcycle<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65aad25e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65aad25e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Option 2 upcycles the failed 250mm insitu base material to a nanoengineered-bound material via stabilisation with ~3-4% cementitious binder and \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 admixture. A typical cost for such a pavement is no more than AUD $40 per m2, assuming locally available plant or a sufficiently large project to justify plant mobilisation.\u00a0<\/p><p>The nanoengineered layer is institu granular material stabilised with cementitious binder and Renolith 2.0 admixture.<\/p><p>\u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 is an admixture of nanomaterials and polymers in water. In the context of this design, it is presumed to enhance the cemented material as follows:<\/p><ol><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Renolith prevents macro shrinkage cracking<\/a>, hence there is no need for a granular overlay to bridge reflective cracking. The spray seal wearing course is applied directly over the bound base layer.<\/li><li>Renolith <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/kryptonite-for-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduces permeability and increases soaked strength<\/a>, hence the base layer is highly <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/resilient-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resilient<\/a> to water-related damage. So, potholes are very unlikely even if spray seal maintenance is neglected or the road is flood-affected.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Renolith increases strength and moduli<\/a>. Austroads AGPT02 table 6.7 suggests a modulus in the range 3000MPa to 6000MPa for heavily bound subbase quality cemented materials. Assuming a 3000MPa cemented material, with modulus enhanced by 20% by the Renolith admixture, yields a nanoengineered material with modulus of 3600MPa.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86ea71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"86ea71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"133\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/250mm-Cemented-nanoengineered-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34932\" alt=\"250mm Cemented (nanoengineered) base on CBR4 subgrade\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/250mm-Cemented-nanoengineered-base-on-CBR4-subgrade.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/250mm-Cemented-nanoengineered-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/250mm-Cemented-nanoengineered-base-on-CBR4-subgrade-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7537147c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7537147c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 5: 250mm Cemented (nanoengineered) base on CBR4 subgrade\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e5a7c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19e5a7c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35576795 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35576795\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The nanoengineered upcycled road is half the initial cost of the reinstated unbound granular option. The calculated fatigue life of the reinstated 250mm unbound base is only 1940 ESA. Doubling the thickness to 500mm improves the life by 3 orders of magnitude, but at increased cost and embodied GHG emissions. The calculated fatigue life of the Renolith nanoengineered road is 2,780,000,000 ESA; orders of magnitude greater than both of the unbound pavements. \u00a0Accordingly, the lifecycle cost and lifecycle GHG emissions of the Renolith nanoengineered road are substantially lower.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6bc131 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d6bc131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Table 1: Life, cost and emissions comparison<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d2afecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d2afecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Life-cost-and-emissions-comparison.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34934\" alt=\"Life, cost and emissions comparison\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Life-cost-and-emissions-comparison.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Life-cost-and-emissions-comparison-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Life-cost-and-emissions-comparison-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebe7d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebe7d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The nanoengineered upcycled road also has substantial resilience and sustainability advantages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb590ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb590ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34924\" alt=\"Rehabilitation decision - implications\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications.png 1280w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Rehabilitation-decision-implications-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da10f02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da10f02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 6: Road renewal decision &#8211; Restore vs Upcycle &#8211; Implications\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441d4711 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"441d4711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-653620a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"653620a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Conventional unbound granular road pavements are expensive and have a short life. Renolith upcycled nanoengineered roads are typically less than half the initial cost and yield an enormous life increase. \u2018Triple the life\u2019 is an understatement. Lifecycle costs are dramatically reduced. Factoring in the substantial sustainability and resilience advantages, such as the elimination of potholes and low embodied GHG emissions, it is clear that upcycling via Renolith-enhanced cementitious stabilisation is the superior option.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad88269 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ad88269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3abbb150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button\" data-id=\"3abbb150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"ekit-btn-wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\tShare this article<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" social_share\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21cff775 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"21cff775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e0cc2b8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4e0cc2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-498d1161 premium-title-icon-row-reverse premium-title-color elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-addon-title\" data-id=\"498d1161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-addon-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"premium-title-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-title-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-title-header premium-title-style7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-title-style7-stripe-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-title-style7-stripe\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-title-style7-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"premium-title-icon premium-svg-nodraw premium-drawable-icon  icon_tags_alt\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTags\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1819ee45 premium-tcloud__row elementor-widget elementor-widget-premium-tcloud\" data-id=\"1819ee45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;words_order&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;new_tab&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;colors_select&quot;:&quot;random-light&quot;,&quot;fsize_scale&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"premium-tcloud.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-container premium-tcloud-default\" data-chart=\"{&quot;wordsArr&quot;:[[&quot;Case study&quot;,9,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/case-study\\\/&quot;,&quot;Case study&quot;,9,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;cementitious stabilisation&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cementitious-stabilisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;cementitious stabilisation&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;cementitious staiblisation&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cementitious-staiblisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;cementitious staiblisation&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Cold Recycling&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cold-recycling\\\/&quot;,&quot;Cold Recycling&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Conference&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/conference\\\/&quot;,&quot;Conference&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;crack-free roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/crack-free-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;crack-free roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;fatigue cracking&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/fatigue-cracking\\\/&quot;,&quot;fatigue cracking&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Footpath&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/footpath\\\/&quot;,&quot;Footpath&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;geopolymer&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/geopolymer\\\/&quot;,&quot;geopolymer&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;geopolymer roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/geopolymer-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;geopolymer roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Hardstand&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/hardstand\\\/&quot;,&quot;Hardstand&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;haul road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/haul-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;haul road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Haul Roads&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/haul-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;Haul Roads&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Low Cost Roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/low-cost-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;Low Cost Roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Machinery&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/machinery\\\/&quot;,&quot;Machinery&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;mine haul road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mine-haul-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;mine haul road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;mine haul roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mine-haul-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;mine haul roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Mining&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mining\\\/&quot;,&quot;Mining&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Nanoengineering&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanoengineering\\\/&quot;,&quot;Nanoengineering&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;nanomaterials&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanomaterials\\\/&quot;,&quot;nanomaterials&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;nanotechnology&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanotechnology\\\/&quot;,&quot;nanotechnology&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;News Articles&quot;,7,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/news-articles\\\/&quot;,&quot;News Articles&quot;,7,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Pathways&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/pathways\\\/&quot;,&quot;Pathways&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Pavement Failures&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/pavement-failures\\\/&quot;,&quot;Pavement Failures&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Potholes&quot;,6,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/potholes\\\/&quot;,&quot;Potholes&quot;,6,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Renolith Projects&quot;,5,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/projects\\\/&quot;,&quot;Renolith Projects&quot;,5,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Research and Developments&quot;,3,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/research-developments\\\/&quot;,&quot;Research and Developments&quot;,3,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;road construction&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-construction\\\/&quot;,&quot;road construction&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;road maintenance&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-maintenance\\\/&quot;,&quot;road maintenance&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Road Resilience&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-resilience\\\/&quot;,&quot;Road Resilience&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;self-healing&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/self-healing\\\/&quot;,&quot;self-healing&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;shrinkage cracking&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/shrinkage-cracking\\\/&quot;,&quot;shrinkage cracking&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Soil Stabilisation&quot;,4,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/soil-stabilisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;Soil Stabilisation&quot;,4,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Soil stabilization&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/soil-stabilization\\\/&quot;,&quot;Soil stabilization&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Sustainability&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/sustainability\\\/&quot;,&quot;Sustainability&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Sustainable Solutions&quot;,4,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/sustainable-solutions\\\/&quot;,&quot;Sustainable Solutions&quot;,4,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Unsealed Road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/unsealed-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;Unsealed Road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;]]}\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-canvas-container\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"9\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/case-study\/\" title=\"Case study\" target=\"_blank\">Case study\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(9)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cementitious-stabilisation\/\" title=\"cementitious stabilisation\" target=\"_blank\">cementitious stabilisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cementitious-staiblisation\/\" title=\"cementitious staiblisation\" target=\"_blank\">cementitious staiblisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cold-recycling\/\" title=\"Cold Recycling\" target=\"_blank\">Cold Recycling\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/conference\/\" title=\"Conference\" target=\"_blank\">Conference\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/crack-free-roads\/\" title=\"crack-free roads\" target=\"_blank\">crack-free roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/fatigue-cracking\/\" title=\"fatigue cracking\" target=\"_blank\">fatigue cracking\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/footpath\/\" title=\"Footpath\" target=\"_blank\">Footpath\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/geopolymer\/\" title=\"geopolymer\" target=\"_blank\">geopolymer\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/geopolymer-roads\/\" title=\"geopolymer roads\" target=\"_blank\">geopolymer roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/hardstand\/\" title=\"Hardstand\" target=\"_blank\">Hardstand\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/haul-road\/\" title=\"haul road\" target=\"_blank\">haul road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/haul-roads\/\" title=\"Haul Roads\" target=\"_blank\">Haul Roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/low-cost-roads\/\" title=\"Low Cost Roads\" target=\"_blank\">Low Cost Roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/machinery\/\" title=\"Machinery\" target=\"_blank\">Machinery\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mine-haul-road\/\" title=\"mine haul road\" target=\"_blank\">mine haul road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mine-haul-roads\/\" title=\"mine haul roads\" target=\"_blank\">mine haul roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mining\/\" title=\"Mining\" target=\"_blank\">Mining\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanoengineering\/\" title=\"Nanoengineering\" target=\"_blank\">Nanoengineering\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanomaterials\/\" title=\"nanomaterials\" target=\"_blank\">nanomaterials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanotechnology\/\" title=\"nanotechnology\" target=\"_blank\">nanotechnology\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"7\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/news-articles\/\" title=\"News Articles\" target=\"_blank\">News Articles\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(7)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/pathways\/\" title=\"Pathways\" target=\"_blank\">Pathways\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/pavement-failures\/\" title=\"Pavement Failures\" target=\"_blank\">Pavement Failures\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"6\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/potholes\/\" title=\"Potholes\" target=\"_blank\">Potholes\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(6)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"5\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/projects\/\" title=\"Renolith Projects\" target=\"_blank\">Renolith Projects\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(5)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"3\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/research-developments\/\" title=\"Research and Developments\" target=\"_blank\">Research and Developments\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(3)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-construction\/\" title=\"road construction\" target=\"_blank\">road construction\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-maintenance\/\" title=\"road maintenance\" target=\"_blank\">road maintenance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-resilience\/\" title=\"Road Resilience\" target=\"_blank\">Road Resilience\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/self-healing\/\" title=\"self-healing\" target=\"_blank\">self-healing\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/shrinkage-cracking\/\" title=\"shrinkage cracking\" target=\"_blank\">shrinkage cracking\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"4\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/soil-stabilisation\/\" title=\"Soil Stabilisation\" target=\"_blank\">Soil Stabilisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(4)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/soil-stabilization\/\" title=\"Soil stabilization\" target=\"_blank\">Soil stabilization\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/sustainability\/\" title=\"Sustainability\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainability\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"4\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/sustainable-solutions\/\" title=\"Sustainable Solutions\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainable Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(4)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/unsealed-road\/\" title=\"Unsealed Road\" target=\"_blank\">Unsealed Road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4213bc3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"4213bc3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6eb0f3dc\" data-id=\"6eb0f3dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-305c70cd elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"305c70cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-70c21175\" data-id=\"70c21175\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5efdf774 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"5efdf774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><div class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">More Articles<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fafe2bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-post-list\" data-id=\"fafe2bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-post-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items ekit-post-list-wrapper \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/renolith-roads-triple-the-life-at-half-the-cost\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Renolith Roads - Triple the Life at Half the Cost<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/rehabilitating-victorian-roads\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Rehabilitating Victorian Roads<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/how-to-fix-victorias-pothole-debacle\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How to fix Victoria\u2019s Potholes<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/prevent-repair-potholes-cement-stabilisation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How to Prevent, Repair and Stop Potholes Using Modern Cement Stabilisation<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/sustainable-road-infrastructure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Sustainable Road Infrastructure: Using Recycled Materials in Road Construction<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Triple the Life at Half the Cost Home Introduction Renolith promotional material claims \u201cTriple the life at half the cost\u201d, implying a six-fold improvement in the value-for-money of road assets. This article explains the basis for this bold claim via a worked example. Principles The cost reduction and life enhancement claims are underpinned by two key principles: Cementitious stabilisation is a low-cost construction\/rehabilitation method, but introduces challenges with fatigue cracking and shrinkage cracking. Renolith admixture mitigates the cracking risks, enabling a high modulus cemented base layer with no need for overlay. Scenario The scenario is the renewal of a road that is in very poor structural condition, with ruts, cracks, and potholes. The road pavement is assumed to consist of a 250mm base (including subbase) layer of degraded local granular material with a non-structural spray seal. The subgrade CBR is 4%. This scenario mirrors the New England Hwy Trial. The two rehabilitation options under consideration are: Restore Reinstate the original design by replacing the failed base with new granular material Upcycle Upcycle the failed base to a nanoengineered material via stabilisation with cementitious binder and Renolith 2.0 admixture Figure 1: Road renewal decision &#8211; Restore vs Upcycle The design options are assessed subject to the following assumptions and simplifications: Non-structural spray seals will be reinstated Surface levels do not change (e.g. align with extant kerb &amp; channel if relevant). The base will be remediated to full depth of 250mm The subgrade will not be remediated. The design loading adopts a Standard Axle Design and the ratio of Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA) to Heavy Vehicle Axle Groups (HVAG) = 0.7. Design life (measured in years) correlates with pavement fatigue life, measured in ESA Cost and embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for each option are modelled using the Triple Bottom Line Estimator using data derived from White and Young (2025): Objective Comparison of the Economic and Environmental Costs of Different Rehabilitation Designs for Flexible Local Road Pavements Figure 2: Road pavement structure &#8211; Unbound granular base vs nanoengineered base Option 1: Restore Option 1 reinstates the original design by replacing the failed 250mm base with new granular material. The cost will vary according to various project specific factors, such as disposal costs and quarry proximity. A typical cost for such a pavement is AUD $80-$100 per m2.\u00a0 The new granular material is assumed to be \u2018normal standard crushed rock\u2019, with presumptive values per Austroads AGPT02 section 6.2.3. The maximum vertical modulus is 350MPa per Austroads AGPT02 table 6.3. Austroads Pavement Analysis Design Software AustPADS allows users to conduct advanced mechanistic analysis of the response-to-load of road pavements. The AustPADS sublayering function was used for calculating the moduli of sublayers. Figure 3: AustPads output &#8211; 250mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade For option 1 (Restore), the pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 1.94e3 ESA. This is very low and not practical, even for a lightly trafficked road. Option 1b: Double thickness To improve the fatigue life, option 1b doubles the unbound granular base layer thickness from 250mm to 500mm. Figure 4: 500mm unbound granular base on CBR4 subgrade\u00a0 For option 1b (Double thickness), the pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 3.12e6 ESA. This is a more practical value for a local road with medium traffic. Option 2: Upcycle Option 2 upcycles the failed 250mm insitu base material to a nanoengineered-bound material via stabilisation with ~3-4% cementitious binder and \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 admixture. A typical cost for such a pavement is no more than AUD $40 per m2, assuming locally available plant or a sufficiently large project to justify plant mobilisation.\u00a0 The nanoengineered layer is institu granular material stabilised with cementitious binder and Renolith 2.0 admixture. \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 is an admixture of nanomaterials and polymers in water. In the context of this design, it is presumed to enhance the cemented material as follows: Renolith prevents macro shrinkage cracking, hence there is no need for a granular overlay to bridge reflective cracking. The spray seal wearing course is applied directly over the bound base layer. Renolith reduces permeability and increases soaked strength, hence the base layer is highly resilient to water-related damage. So, potholes are very unlikely even if spray seal maintenance is neglected or the road is flood-affected. Renolith increases strength and moduli. Austroads AGPT02 table 6.7 suggests a modulus in the range 3000MPa to 6000MPa for heavily bound subbase quality cemented materials. Assuming a 3000MPa cemented material, with modulus enhanced by 20% by the Renolith admixture, yields a nanoengineered material with modulus of 3600MPa. Figure 5: 250mm Cemented (nanoengineered) base on CBR4 subgrade\u00a0 Comparison The nanoengineered upcycled road is half the initial cost of the reinstated unbound granular option. The calculated fatigue life of the reinstated 250mm unbound base is only 1940 ESA. Doubling the thickness to 500mm improves the life by 3 orders of magnitude, but at increased cost and embodied GHG emissions. The calculated fatigue life of the Renolith nanoengineered road is 2,780,000,000 ESA; orders of magnitude greater than both of the unbound pavements. \u00a0Accordingly, the lifecycle cost and lifecycle GHG emissions of the Renolith nanoengineered road are substantially lower. Table 1: Life, cost and emissions comparison The nanoengineered upcycled road also has substantial resilience and sustainability advantages. Figure 6: Road renewal decision &#8211; Restore vs Upcycle &#8211; Implications\u00a0 Conclusion Conventional unbound granular road pavements are expensive and have a short life. Renolith upcycled nanoengineered roads are typically less than half the initial cost and yield an enormous life increase. \u2018Triple the life\u2019 is an understatement. Lifecycle costs are dramatically reduced. Factoring in the substantial sustainability and resilience advantages, such as the elimination of potholes and low embodied GHG emissions, it is clear that upcycling via Renolith-enhanced cementitious stabilisation is the superior option. Share this article Tags Case study (9) cementitious stabilisation (1) cementitious staiblisation (1) Cold Recycling (1) Conference (2) crack-free roads (1) fatigue cracking (1) Footpath (1) geopolymer (1) geopolymer roads (1) Hardstand (1) haul road (1) Haul Roads (2) Low Cost Roads (1) Machinery (1) mine haul<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":34950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34908"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34951,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34908\/revisions\/34951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}