{"id":34741,"date":"2026-09-29T01:21:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T01:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/?p=34741"},"modified":"2026-09-29T01:42:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T01:42:03","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/rehabilitating-victorian-roads\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"34741\" class=\"elementor elementor-34741\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bf2126c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6bf2126c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2df95af7\" data-id=\"2df95af7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d3e44a elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"52d3e44a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-text_center   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads%20\" target=\"_blank\"><h1 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Rehabilitating Victorian Roads<\/h1><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dacabc elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-breadcrumb\" data-id=\"23dacabc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><ol class=\"ekit-breadcrumb\"><li class=\"ekit_breadcrumbs_start\"><a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\">Home<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-757ca0d1 elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"757ca0d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-d0daba3 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/2026\/09\/29\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 29, 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dba9d7f e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5dba9d7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58222e18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58222e18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Executive Summary<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa04953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2aa04953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.audit.vic.gov.au\/report\/maintaining-state-roads?section=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Victoria\u2019s state roads are deteriorating.<\/a> 37% of the state\u2019s 23,000km road network is in very poor condition and will imminently require rehabilitation. \u00a0Selection of appropriate rehabilitation design models will be critical to reverse the decline of the network.<\/p><p>This article models three simplified pavement rehabilitation design archetypes and assesses their suitability for the Victorian context. The first option, reinstating an unbound granular base, is not very cost-effective and will perpetuate susceptibility of the network to potholes. The second option,<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/cementitious-stabilisation\/\"> cementitious stabilisation<\/a> with granular overlay, improves theoretical life (traffic capacity) but increases the risk of potholes. The third option, cementitious stabilisation enhanced by Renolith 2.0 admixture, radically reduces both lifecycle costs and the risk of potholes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-545ae1d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"545ae1d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b661352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b661352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A 2026 audit by Victorian Auditor-General\u2019s Office (VAGO) found that Victoria\u2019s state roads were deteriorating, with 37% of the state\u2019s 23,000km roads in very poor condition on the \u2018remaining life\u2019 metric in 2024. [1]\u00a0 A rating of very poor means the road has less than 5 years remaining life. Therefore, roughly 8500km of road pavements will reach their nominal end of life by 2029. This implies that a substantial tranche of capital renewal works will be required, or service levels disrupted.<\/p><p>This paper models three simplified pavement rehabilitation design archetypes and assesses their suitability for the Victorian context.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb4991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcb4991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Road Pavement Archetypes<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b261de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b261de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Each road pavement is different, depending on various project specific factors such as geomorphology, climate, traffic, local materials, cost constraints and designer preferences. Austroads <a href=\"https:\/\/austroads.com.au\/publications\/pavement\/agpt04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AGPT04<\/a> [2] notes:<\/p><blockquote><p><em>Unbound granular pavements with thin bituminous surfacings form the bulk of the rural pavement network, including National highways. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d4e8f61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3d4e8f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacing-from-Austroads-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34744\" alt=\"Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacing (from Austroads)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacing-from-Austroads-1.png 553w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacing-from-Austroads-1-300x226.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacing-from-Austroads-1-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43bd4014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43bd4014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 1: Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacing (from Austroads)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df718b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df718b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The VAGO audit [1] notes that state roads carry most of Victoria\u2019s traffic and freight vehicles, and 82% of state roads are in regional Victoria.<\/p><p>Austroads Pavement Analysis Design Software <a href=\"http:\/\/austpads.austroads.com.au\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AustPADS<\/a> allows users to conduct advanced mechanistic analysis of the response-to-load of road pavements. The <a href=\"https:\/\/austroads.gov.au\/infrastructure\/pavements\/austpads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AustPADS Introduction Video<\/a> shows a worked design example of an unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacing (Example starts @37mins).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21c28d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"21c28d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"779\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AustPADS-Design-Example-Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacings-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34746\" alt=\"AustPADS Design Example - Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacings\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AustPADS-Design-Example-Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacings-1.png 779w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AustPADS-Design-Example-Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacings-1-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AustPADS-Design-Example-Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacings-1-768x459.png 768w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AustPADS-Design-Example-Unbound-granular-pavement-with-thin-bituminous-surfacings-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed7744b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed7744b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2: AustPADS Design Example &#8211; Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacings<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e26754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19e26754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The AustPADS example models a pavement of 475mm crushed rock on a CBR5 subgrade. This design will be adopted as the baseline pavement, being broadly representative of a typical Victorian state road pavement.<\/p><p>The analysis will consider a scenario where the baseline pavement has reached end-of-life and rehabilitation is required. Three rehabilitation options will be considered:<\/p><ol><li>Reinstate original design<\/li><li>150mm stabilised sub-base with 150mm granular overlay (aka Upside-down pavement)<\/li><li>300mm Renolith-enhanced stabilised base, no overlay (aka Nanoengineered)<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c06737f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c06737f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Pavement-structure.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34747\" alt=\"Rehabilitation Options - Pavement structure\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Pavement-structure.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Pavement-structure-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Pavement-structure-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e056a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72e056a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3: Rehabilitation Options &#8211; Pavement structure<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d31af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35d31af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoBodyText\"><span lang=\"EN-AU\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\">The design options are assessed subject to the following assumptions and simplifications:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Non-structural spray seals will be reinstated for all designs<\/li><li>Surface levels do not change (eg. align with extant kerb &amp; channel if relevant).<\/li><li>Only the top 300mm of the pavement is degraded to the point where rehabilitation is required.<\/li><li>Design loads and traffic are constant over time.<\/li><li>Per the AustPADS tutorial, the design loading adopts a Standard Axle Design. The ratio of Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA) to Heavy Vehicle Axle Groups (HVAG) = 0.7.<\/li><li>Granular material is normal standard crushed rock, with presumptive values per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] section 6.2.3.<\/li><li>Cemented layers are institu materials bound with ~3% cementitious binder.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"MsoBodyText\"><span lang=\"EN-AU\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\">Excluding wearing course, the materials footprint of each option is shown below.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae1020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ae1020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"141\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Materials-Footprint.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34749\" alt=\"Rehabilitation Options Comparison - Materials Footprint\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Materials-Footprint.png 657w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Materials-Footprint-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Materials-Footprint-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdff603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdff603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoCaption\" style=\"margin-left: 0cm;\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"EN-AU\">Figure <\/span><!-- [if supportFields]><span lang=EN-AU><span style='mso-element:field-begin'><\/span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>\u00a0<\/span>SEQ Figure \\* ARABIC <span style='mso-element: field-separator'><\/span><\/span><![endif]--><span lang=\"EN-AU\">4<\/span><!-- [if supportFields]><span lang=EN-AU><span style='mso-element:field-end'><\/span><\/span><![endif]--><span lang=\"EN-AU\">: Rehabilitation Options Comparison &#8211; Materials Footprint<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ba09f09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ba09f09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 1: Reinstate original design<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ddb692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18ddb692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This design requires 300mm of degraded material to be dug out and replaced with new crushed rock.<\/p><p>The maximum vertical modulus is 350MPa per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] table 6.3. AustPADS sublayering function is used for calculating the moduli of sublayers.<\/p><p>The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 5.95e6 ESA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a3d221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8a3d221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-1-Reinstate-original-design-AustPADS-Outputs.jpg.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3abe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c3abe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 5: Rehabilitation Option 1 &#8211; Reinstate original design &#8211; AustPADS Outputs<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1107406c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1107406c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 2: Upside down pavement<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dbb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dbb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This design requires 150mm of degraded material to be dug out, then 150mm of insitu material is stabilised with cement. The cemented layer is topped with an overlay of 150mm new crushed rock to bridge reflective cracking.\u00a0<\/p><p>Presumptive moduli are adopted for each layer per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] as follows:<\/p><ul><li>150mm granular overlay: 350MPa per table 6.3.<\/li><li>150mm cemented: 3000MPa per table 6.7<\/li><li>175mm residual granular: 150MPa per table 6.4<\/li><\/ul><p>The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 3.25e8 ESA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae6b316 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ae6b316\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-2-Upside-down-pavement-AustPADS-Outputs.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34760\" alt=\"Rehabilitation Option 2 - Upside down pavement - AustPADS Outputs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-2-Upside-down-pavement-AustPADS-Outputs.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-2-Upside-down-pavement-AustPADS-Outputs-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-2-Upside-down-pavement-AustPADS-Outputs-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed70752 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed70752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 6: Rehabilitation Option 2 &#8211; Upside down pavement &#8211; AustPADS Outputs<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12d27528 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12d27528\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Although common in Victoria, \u201cupside down pavements\u201d are not universally accepted because moisture can get trapped in the unbound base layer. This can exacerbate the risk of water-related defects such as potholes. For example, TfNSW <a href=\"https:\/\/standards.transport.nsw.gov.au\/_entity\/annotation\/19d5a875-b935-ed11-9db2-000d3ae019e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TS 10801 Supplement to Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology, Part 5: Pavement Evaluation and Treatment Design<\/a> [4] states:<\/p><blockquote><p><em>7.5.3 Granular Overlay<br \/><\/em><em>Avoid placing a granular pavement over a bound layer which forms part of the pavement. The granular material may be intended to bridge reflective cracking from the bound layer but results in an \u201cupside down pavement\u201d. An upside down pavement is considered to be a high risk treatment in moderate to wet climates\u2026 <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63b75f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63b75f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Option 3: Nanoengineered<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1f25a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a1f25a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This design stabilises 300mm of insitu material with cementitious binder and \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 admixture.<\/p><p>\u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 is an admixture of nanomaterials and polymers in water. In the context of this design, it is presumed to enhance the cemented material as follows:<\/p><ol><li>Prevent shrinkage cracking, hence no need for granular overlay to bridge reflective cracking. See <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/<\/a><\/li><li>Reduce permeability and increase soaked strength, hence the base layer is highly resilient to water-related damage modes such as potholes even if the spray seal maintenance is neglected. See <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/kryptonite-for-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/kryptonite-for-roads\/<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/resilient-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/resilient-roads\/<\/a><\/li><li>Increase Flexural Strength by 20% (to 1.2MPa) and Elastic Modulus by 20% (to 3600MPa), which is considered conservative. See <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p>The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 5.14e10 ESA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b507af6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b507af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"671\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-3-Nanoengineered-base-AustPADS-Outputs.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34771\" alt=\"Rehabilitation Option 3 - Nanoengineered base - AustPADS Outputs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-3-Nanoengineered-base-AustPADS-Outputs.png 671w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-3-Nanoengineered-base-AustPADS-Outputs-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Option-3-Nanoengineered-base-AustPADS-Outputs-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fcbeac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fcbeac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 7: Rehabilitation Option 3 &#8211; Nanoengineered base &#8211; AustPADS Outputs<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48871372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48871372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] section 2.2.3 notes:<\/p><blockquote><p><em>The use of heavily bound cemented bases with sprayed seal surfacings is more commonly associated with the rehabilitation treatments of granular pavements than new construction works. With the exception of temporary pavements, this pavement type is seldom used for new works due to significant performance issues associated with shrinkage cracking&#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3af9486 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3af9486\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Renolith admixture is highly effective at preventing cracking problems in cemented materials. See <a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/<\/a> for more information, excerpt below:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f576df2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f576df2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34733\" alt=\"Renolith crack prevention model\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model.png 1919w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Renolith-crack-prevention-model-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd83fe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd83fe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 8: Renolith Crack Prevention Model<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54775048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54775048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Comparison<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78744f8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"78744f8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The table below shows a comparison of the three rehabilitation options.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-181f549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"181f549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"657\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Life-Cost-and-Pothole-Risk.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-34777\" alt=\"Rehabilitation Options Comparison - Life, Cost and Pothole Risk\" srcset=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Life-Cost-and-Pothole-Risk.png 657w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Life-Cost-and-Pothole-Risk-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Rehabilitation-Options-Comparison-Life-Cost-and-Pothole-Risk-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c60c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c60c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 9: Rehabilitation Options Comparison &#8211; Life, Cost and Pothole Risk<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f02969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f02969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It can be seen that:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Conventional stabilisation with granular overlay (option 2) yields a higher theoretical design life than reinstating the original design (option 1). However, the risk of potholes is increased. The Victorian road network already generates <\/span><a style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/transport.vic.gov.au\/road-and-active-transport\/business-and-industry\/road-and-traffic-management\/road-maintenance\/more-information-on-road-maintenance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over 250,000 potholes per annum<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2026-09-14\/peter-tiki-mason-remembered-after-pothole-death\/107150334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Potholes are a serious safety issue<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">. Risks are exacerbated by extreme wet weather and underinvestment in maintenance interventions like resealing \u2013 both of which have recently materialised in Victoria.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">The nanoengineered pavement (option 3) significantly outperforms the alternates on every measure. Rehabilitation costs are lower. The risk of potholes is negligible. Pavement life is radically increased. Value for money is superior.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a84826 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a84826\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a4dfb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a4dfb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Victoria\u2019s state roads are deteriorating. 37% of the state\u2019s 23,000km road network is in very poor condition. A substantial proportion of the network requires rehabilitation now or imminently. \u00a0<\/p><p>Conventional rehabilitation design archetypes will not solve the problem. Cementitious stabilisation enhanced by Renolith 2.0 admixture radically reduces both lifecycle costs and the risk of potholes. This rehabilitation model has excellent potential to reverse the decline of Victoria\u2019s roads.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2df06d e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c2df06d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58066183 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button\" data-id=\"58066183\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"ekit-btn-wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"elementskit-btn  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study&quot;,9,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/case-study\\\/&quot;,&quot;Case study&quot;,9,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;cementitious stabilisation&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cementitious-stabilisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;cementitious stabilisation&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;cementitious staiblisation&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cementitious-staiblisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;cementitious staiblisation&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Cold Recycling&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/cold-recycling\\\/&quot;,&quot;Cold Recycling&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Conference&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/conference\\\/&quot;,&quot;Conference&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;crack-free roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/crack-free-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;crack-free roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;fatigue cracking&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/fatigue-cracking\\\/&quot;,&quot;fatigue cracking&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Footpath&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/footpath\\\/&quot;,&quot;Footpath&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;geopolymer&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/geopolymer\\\/&quot;,&quot;geopolymer&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;geopolymer roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/geopolymer-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;geopolymer roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Hardstand&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/hardstand\\\/&quot;,&quot;Hardstand&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;haul road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/haul-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;haul road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Haul Roads&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/haul-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;Haul Roads&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Low Cost Roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/low-cost-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;Low Cost Roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Machinery&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/machinery\\\/&quot;,&quot;Machinery&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;mine haul road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mine-haul-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;mine haul road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;mine haul roads&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mine-haul-roads\\\/&quot;,&quot;mine haul roads&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Mining&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/mining\\\/&quot;,&quot;Mining&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Nanoengineering&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanoengineering\\\/&quot;,&quot;Nanoengineering&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;nanomaterials&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanomaterials\\\/&quot;,&quot;nanomaterials&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;nanotechnology&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/nanotechnology\\\/&quot;,&quot;nanotechnology&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;News Articles&quot;,7,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/news-articles\\\/&quot;,&quot;News Articles&quot;,7,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Pathways&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/pathways\\\/&quot;,&quot;Pathways&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Pavement Failures&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/pavement-failures\\\/&quot;,&quot;Pavement Failures&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Potholes&quot;,6,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/potholes\\\/&quot;,&quot;Potholes&quot;,6,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Renolith Projects&quot;,5,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/projects\\\/&quot;,&quot;Renolith Projects&quot;,5,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Research and Developments&quot;,3,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/research-developments\\\/&quot;,&quot;Research and Developments&quot;,3,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;road construction&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-construction\\\/&quot;,&quot;road construction&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;road maintenance&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-maintenance\\\/&quot;,&quot;road maintenance&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Road Resilience&quot;,2,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/road-resilience\\\/&quot;,&quot;Road Resilience&quot;,2,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;self-healing&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/self-healing\\\/&quot;,&quot;self-healing&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;shrinkage cracking&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/shrinkage-cracking\\\/&quot;,&quot;shrinkage cracking&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Soil Stabilisation&quot;,4,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/soil-stabilisation\\\/&quot;,&quot;Soil Stabilisation&quot;,4,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Soil stabilization&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/soil-stabilization\\\/&quot;,&quot;Soil stabilization&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Sustainability&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/sustainability\\\/&quot;,&quot;Sustainability&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Sustainable Solutions&quot;,4,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/sustainable-solutions\\\/&quot;,&quot;Sustainable Solutions&quot;,4,&quot;_blank&quot;],[&quot;Unsealed Road&quot;,1,&quot;https:\\\/\\\/renolith.com.au\\\/ar\\\/tag\\\/unsealed-road\\\/&quot;,&quot;Unsealed Road&quot;,1,&quot;_blank&quot;]]}\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-canvas-container\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"9\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/case-study\/\" title=\"Case study\" target=\"_blank\">Case study\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(9)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cementitious-stabilisation\/\" title=\"cementitious stabilisation\" target=\"_blank\">cementitious stabilisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cementitious-staiblisation\/\" title=\"cementitious staiblisation\" target=\"_blank\">cementitious staiblisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/cold-recycling\/\" title=\"Cold Recycling\" target=\"_blank\">Cold Recycling\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/conference\/\" title=\"Conference\" target=\"_blank\">Conference\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/crack-free-roads\/\" title=\"crack-free roads\" target=\"_blank\">crack-free roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/fatigue-cracking\/\" title=\"fatigue cracking\" target=\"_blank\">fatigue cracking\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/footpath\/\" title=\"Footpath\" target=\"_blank\">Footpath\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/geopolymer\/\" title=\"geopolymer\" target=\"_blank\">geopolymer\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/geopolymer-roads\/\" title=\"geopolymer roads\" target=\"_blank\">geopolymer roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/hardstand\/\" title=\"Hardstand\" target=\"_blank\">Hardstand\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/haul-road\/\" title=\"haul road\" target=\"_blank\">haul road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/haul-roads\/\" title=\"Haul Roads\" target=\"_blank\">Haul Roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/low-cost-roads\/\" title=\"Low Cost Roads\" target=\"_blank\">Low Cost Roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/machinery\/\" title=\"Machinery\" target=\"_blank\">Machinery\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mine-haul-road\/\" title=\"mine haul road\" target=\"_blank\">mine haul road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mine-haul-roads\/\" title=\"mine haul roads\" target=\"_blank\">mine haul roads\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/mining\/\" title=\"Mining\" target=\"_blank\">Mining\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanoengineering\/\" title=\"Nanoengineering\" target=\"_blank\">Nanoengineering\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanomaterials\/\" title=\"nanomaterials\" target=\"_blank\">nanomaterials\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/nanotechnology\/\" title=\"nanotechnology\" target=\"_blank\">nanotechnology\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"7\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/news-articles\/\" title=\"News Articles\" target=\"_blank\">News Articles\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(7)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/pathways\/\" title=\"Pathways\" target=\"_blank\">Pathways\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/pavement-failures\/\" title=\"Pavement Failures\" target=\"_blank\">Pavement Failures\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"6\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/potholes\/\" title=\"Potholes\" target=\"_blank\">Potholes\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(6)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"5\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/projects\/\" title=\"Renolith Projects\" target=\"_blank\">Renolith Projects\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(5)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"3\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/research-developments\/\" title=\"Research and Developments\" target=\"_blank\">Research and Developments\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(3)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-construction\/\" title=\"road construction\" target=\"_blank\">road construction\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-maintenance\/\" title=\"road maintenance\" target=\"_blank\">road maintenance\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"2\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/road-resilience\/\" title=\"Road Resilience\" target=\"_blank\">Road Resilience\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(2)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/self-healing\/\" title=\"self-healing\" target=\"_blank\">self-healing\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/shrinkage-cracking\/\" title=\"shrinkage cracking\" target=\"_blank\">shrinkage cracking\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"4\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/soil-stabilisation\/\" title=\"Soil Stabilisation\" target=\"_blank\">Soil Stabilisation\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(4)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/soil-stabilization\/\" title=\"Soil stabilization\" target=\"_blank\">Soil stabilization\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/sustainability\/\" title=\"Sustainability\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainability\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"4\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/sustainable-solutions\/\" title=\"Sustainable Solutions\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainable Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(4)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"premium-tcloud-term-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-term\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"premium-tcloud-term-link\" data-weight=\"1\" href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/tag\/unsealed-road\/\" title=\"Unsealed Road\" target=\"_blank\">Unsealed Road\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"premium-tcloud-number\">(1)<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-304f62fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"304f62fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e6ff373\" data-id=\"7e6ff373\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1699d95b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"1699d95b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-735091a2\" data-id=\"735091a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14d45fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"14d45fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><div class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">More Articles<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23408675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-post-list\" data-id=\"23408675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-post-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items ekit-post-list-wrapper \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/rehabilitating-victorian-roads\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Rehabilitating Victorian Roads<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/how-to-fix-victorias-pothole-debacle\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How to fix Victoria\u2019s Potholes<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/prevent-repair-potholes-cement-stabilisation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How to Prevent, Repair and Stop Potholes Using Modern Cement Stabilisation<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/sustainable-road-infrastructure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Sustainable Road Infrastructure: Using Recycled Materials in Road Construction<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/soil-stabilisation-in-sustainable-mining\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_post_list_content_wraper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Finding the Key to Sustainable Mining: The Role of Soil Stabilisation<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rehabilitating Victorian Roads Home Executive Summary Victoria\u2019s state roads are deteriorating. 37% of the state\u2019s 23,000km road network is in very poor condition and will imminently require rehabilitation. \u00a0Selection of appropriate rehabilitation design models will be critical to reverse the decline of the network. This article models three simplified pavement rehabilitation design archetypes and assesses their suitability for the Victorian context. The first option, reinstating an unbound granular base, is not very cost-effective and will perpetuate susceptibility of the network to potholes. The second option, cementitious stabilisation with granular overlay, improves theoretical life (traffic capacity) but increases the risk of potholes. The third option, cementitious stabilisation enhanced by Renolith 2.0 admixture, radically reduces both lifecycle costs and the risk of potholes. Introduction A 2026 audit by Victorian Auditor-General\u2019s Office (VAGO) found that Victoria\u2019s state roads were deteriorating, with 37% of the state\u2019s 23,000km roads in very poor condition on the \u2018remaining life\u2019 metric in 2024. [1]\u00a0 A rating of very poor means the road has less than 5 years remaining life. Therefore, roughly 8500km of road pavements will reach their nominal end of life by 2029. This implies that a substantial tranche of capital renewal works will be required, or service levels disrupted. This paper models three simplified pavement rehabilitation design archetypes and assesses their suitability for the Victorian context. Road Pavement Archetypes Each road pavement is different, depending on various project specific factors such as geomorphology, climate, traffic, local materials, cost constraints and designer preferences. Austroads AGPT04 [2] notes: Unbound granular pavements with thin bituminous surfacings form the bulk of the rural pavement network, including National highways. Figure 1: Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacing (from Austroads) The VAGO audit [1] notes that state roads carry most of Victoria\u2019s traffic and freight vehicles, and 82% of state roads are in regional Victoria. Austroads Pavement Analysis Design Software AustPADS allows users to conduct advanced mechanistic analysis of the response-to-load of road pavements. The AustPADS Introduction Video shows a worked design example of an unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacing (Example starts @37mins). Figure 2: AustPADS Design Example &#8211; Unbound granular pavement with thin bituminous surfacings The AustPADS example models a pavement of 475mm crushed rock on a CBR5 subgrade. This design will be adopted as the baseline pavement, being broadly representative of a typical Victorian state road pavement. The analysis will consider a scenario where the baseline pavement has reached end-of-life and rehabilitation is required. Three rehabilitation options will be considered: Reinstate original design 150mm stabilised sub-base with 150mm granular overlay (aka Upside-down pavement) 300mm Renolith-enhanced stabilised base, no overlay (aka Nanoengineered) Figure 3: Rehabilitation Options &#8211; Pavement structure The design options are assessed subject to the following assumptions and simplifications: Non-structural spray seals will be reinstated for all designs Surface levels do not change (eg. align with extant kerb &amp; channel if relevant). Only the top 300mm of the pavement is degraded to the point where rehabilitation is required. Design loads and traffic are constant over time. Per the AustPADS tutorial, the design loading adopts a Standard Axle Design. The ratio of Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA) to Heavy Vehicle Axle Groups (HVAG) = 0.7. Granular material is normal standard crushed rock, with presumptive values per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] section 6.2.3. Cemented layers are institu materials bound with ~3% cementitious binder. Excluding wearing course, the materials footprint of each option is shown below. Figure 4: Rehabilitation Options Comparison &#8211; Materials Footprint Option 1: Reinstate original design This design requires 300mm of degraded material to be dug out and replaced with new crushed rock. The maximum vertical modulus is 350MPa per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] table 6.3. AustPADS sublayering function is used for calculating the moduli of sublayers. The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 5.95e6 ESA. Figure 5: Rehabilitation Option 1 &#8211; Reinstate original design &#8211; AustPADS Outputs Option 2: Upside down pavement This design requires 150mm of degraded material to be dug out, then 150mm of insitu material is stabilised with cement. The cemented layer is topped with an overlay of 150mm new crushed rock to bridge reflective cracking.\u00a0 Presumptive moduli are adopted for each layer per Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] as follows: 150mm granular overlay: 350MPa per table 6.3. 150mm cemented: 3000MPa per table 6.7 175mm residual granular: 150MPa per table 6.4 The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 3.25e8 ESA. Figure 6: Rehabilitation Option 2 &#8211; Upside down pavement &#8211; AustPADS Outputs Although common in Victoria, \u201cupside down pavements\u201d are not universally accepted because moisture can get trapped in the unbound base layer. This can exacerbate the risk of water-related defects such as potholes. For example, TfNSW TS 10801 Supplement to Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology, Part 5: Pavement Evaluation and Treatment Design [4] states: 7.5.3 Granular OverlayAvoid placing a granular pavement over a bound layer which forms part of the pavement. The granular material may be intended to bridge reflective cracking from the bound layer but results in an \u201cupside down pavement\u201d. An upside down pavement is considered to be a high risk treatment in moderate to wet climates\u2026 Option 3: Nanoengineered This design stabilises 300mm of insitu material with cementitious binder and \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 admixture. \u2018Renolith 2.0\u2019 is an admixture of nanomaterials and polymers in water. In the context of this design, it is presumed to enhance the cemented material as follows: Prevent shrinkage cracking, hence no need for granular overlay to bridge reflective cracking. See https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/ Reduce permeability and increase soaked strength, hence the base layer is highly resilient to water-related damage modes such as potholes even if the spray seal maintenance is neglected. See https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/kryptonite-for-roads\/ and https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/resilient-roads\/ Increase Flexural Strength by 20% (to 1.2MPa) and Elastic Modulus by 20% (to 3600MPa), which is considered conservative. See https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/crack-free-roads\/ The pavement life calculated by AustPADS is 5.14e10 ESA. Figure 7: Rehabilitation Option 3 &#8211; Nanoengineered base &#8211; AustPADS Outputs Austroads AGPT02-25 [3] section 2.2.3 notes: The use of heavily bound cemented bases with sprayed seal surfacings is more commonly associated with the rehabilitation treatments<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":34792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34741"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34822,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34741\/revisions\/34822"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/renolith.com.au\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}